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There are many kinds of magnets, which are generally divided into permanent magnet and soft magnet. What we call magnet generally refers to permanent magnet
Permanent magnet magnets are divided into two categories:
The first category is: metal alloy magnets, including Nd2Fe14B, SmCo and alnico
The second category is: ferrite permanent magnet materials
1. Neodymium iron boron magnet: it is the highest commercialized magnet found at present. It is called magneto king. It has extremely high magnetic properties, and its maximum magnetic energy product (BHmax) is more than 10 times higher than that of ferrite. Its machining performance is also quite good. The maximum working temperature can reach 200 ℃. And its hard texture, stable performance and good cost performance, so it is widely used. However, because of its strong chemical activity, its surface must be coated. (such as Zn, Ni plating, electrophoresis, passivation, etc.).
2. Ferrite magnet: its main raw materials include BaFe12O19 and SrFe12O19. It is made by ceramic process. It is a brittle material with relatively hard texture. Because ferrite magnet has good temperature resistance, low price and moderate performance, it has become the most widely used permanent magnet.
3. Alnico magnet: it is an alloy composed of aluminum, nickel, cobalt, iron and other trace metal elements. Casting technology can be processed into different sizes and shapes, with good machinability. Cast Al Ni Co permanent magnet has the lowest reversible temperature coefficient, and the working temperature can be as high as 600 ℃. Alnico permanent magnet products are widely used in various instruments and other application fields.
4. Samarium cobalt (SmCo) is divided into SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 according to different components. Its development is limited by the high price of its materials. Samarium cobalt (SmCo), as a rare earth permanent magnet, not only has high magnetic energy product (14-28mgoe), reliable coercivity and good temperature characteristics. Compared with NdFeB magnet, SmCo magnet is more suitable for working in high temperature environment.
